Written by: Lori Santa Maria, LAC-T
October is ADHD Awareness Month, and a great time to learn more about Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Chances are, you know someone who has ADHD—or you may be navigating it yourself.
ADHD affects both children and adults. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an estimated 15.5 million U.S. adults have a current ADHD diagnosis, while approximately 7 million children ages 3–17 have been diagnosed (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2026).
What is ADHD?
ADHD stands for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. It is a neurodevelopment disorder that has a strong genetic component and is associated with differences in brain development and the way certain brain chemicals function. These differences can influence how someone manages attention, emotions, motivation, and everyday responsibilities (Attention Deficit Disorder Association, n.d.).
ADHD is not a one-size-fits-all diagnosis. Each person experiences a unique combination of symptoms, challenges, and strengths. Understanding how ADHD affects the brain can help individuals develop greater self-awareness, recognize patterns in their thoughts and behaviors, and identify practical strategies to navigate everyday challenges. Because ADHD affects each person differently, symptoms and challenges can vary significantly. For some people, difficulty sustaining attention may be most noticeable, while others may struggle more with impulsivity, restlessness, organization, motivation, or managing emotions.
ADHD Diagnosis: Understanding the Different Presentations
Historically, ADHD was more commonly recognized and diagnosed in young boys, largely because symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity were more noticeable in classroom settings. As research evolved, our understanding of ADHD has expanded, particularly in recognizing how symptoms may present differently in girls and women.
While boys are more likely to exhibit noticeable hyperactive or impulsive behaviors, girls may experience less obvious symptoms, such as difficulty concentrating, forgetfulness, disorganization, or daydreaming. Because these symptoms can be less disruptive or noticeable, ADHD in girls and women may go unrecognized or undiagnosed until adolescence or adulthood.
There are three ADHD subtypes characterized by patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity (Nazarova et al, 2022). However, not everyone experiences these symptoms in the same way. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR), ADHD is classified into these three presentations:
Predominantly Inattentive Presentation: Individuals may struggle with maintaining attention, staying organized, following through on tasks, remembering details, and managing distractions. Hyperactivity and impulsivity are less prominent.
Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation: Individuals may experience restlessness, difficulty remaining still, excessive talking, impatience, interrupting others, or acting without fully considering the consequences.
Combined Presentation: Individuals experience significant symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity.
What Are the Treatment Options for ADHD?
The first step in managing ADHD is understanding how it affects you. Receiving an accurate diagnosis can help individuals recognize their symptoms, better understand how their ADHD brain works, and identify the challenges they may experience in everyday life. There are several evidence-based approaches that can help individuals manage symptoms and improve their quality of life.
Therapy can play an important role in ADHD treatment by helping individuals develop practical strategies, coping skills, and systems to navigate everyday challenges. Therapeutic approaches such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) can help individuals recognize unhelpful thought patterns, improve organization and time management, strengthen emotional regulation, and develop skills to manage impulsivity and procrastination.
Medication is another effective treatment option for ADHD and is often used alongside therapy (Nazarova et al, 2022). ADHD medications can help improve attention, focus, and impulse control, making it easier for individuals to apply the skills and strategies they learn in counseling. A psychiatrist can help determine whether medication is appropriate based on individual needs and symptoms.
For some individuals, therapy and behavioral strategies may provide meaningful improvements, while others benefit from a combination of medication and counseling. The goal is to develop a personalized treatment plan that helps individuals better understand their ADHD, build on their strengths, and create practical strategies for navigating life's challenges.
Living with ADHD comes with unique challenges, but with the right support, tools, and understanding, individuals can learn to work with their brains rather than against them.
If you think you have ADHD and want to discuss symptoms and life challenges sign up for a free ADHD consultation.